UAV survey and numerical modeling of loess landslides: an example from Zaoling,southern Shanxi Province,China     

Ma  Siyuan  Wei  Jiangbo  Xu  Chong  Shao  Xiaoyi  Xu  Shiyang  Chai  Shaofeng  Cui  Yulong 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(1):1125-1140

Natural Hazards - This work attempted to reveal the geometric and kinematic characteristics of a loess landslide that occurred at Zaoling, southern Shanxi Province, China, on March 15, 2019. Based...  相似文献   

基于专利的石漠化治理技术分析     

宁宝英  马建霞  姜志德 《中国沙漠》2019,39(5):135-142

石漠化是发生面积仅次于沙漠化的荒漠化类型，已成为中国西南喀斯特山区可持续发展的主要障碍，其治理与恢复是复杂的系统工程。从治理技术层面，以1 159组简单专利族为数据基础，揭示国内石漠化治理技术类别分布和主要领域。在对专利进行简要计量分析以提供概貌认识的基础上，通过阅读专利摘要内容，采用自下而上的聚类方法将当前专利划分为石漠化判断、治理、产业经济3个大类，监测与评价、科研仪器、生物治理、工程治理、化学治理、综合治理、综合产业、农业和工业9个中类，更细分至雨水搜集净化等42个小类。根据专利数量认定的四大主要技术领域为：工程治理（8.63%）、水分利用（12.51%）、栽培种植（27.52%）、植物资源加工（9.67%），占总量的58.33%，专利领域分布相对集中。对主要技术领域采用内容分析法，提取工程治理具体措施、集雨工具、植物、加工制品等的信息并对其进行了详细阐述，指出目前专利技术中的问题：石漠化地区特有的植物资源众多，但目前加工层次偏低，应在拓展加工类型、延长加工产业链条、发掘植物药用和日用价值方面加大研发力度；防止土壤漏失技术、设施农业技术和生命基因技术亟待发展。分析可为全面认识国内石漠化治理技术提供专利视角的参照。  相似文献   

Detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters in origin-destination flows using ant colony optimization     

Ci Song  Ting Ma  Yunyan Du  Hua Shu  Sihui Guo 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(1):134-154

An origin-destination (OD) flow can be defined as the movement of objects between two locations. These movements must be determined for a range of purposes, and strong interactions can be visually represented via clustering of OD flows. Identification of such clusters may be useful in urban planning, traffic planning and logistics management research. However, few methods can identify arbitrarily shaped flow clusters. Here, we present a spatial scan statistical approach based on ant colony optimization (ACO) for detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters of OD flows (AntScan_flow). In this study, an OD flow cluster is defined as a regional pair with significant log likelihood ratio (LLR), and the ACO is employed to detect the clusters with maximum LLRs in the search space. Simulation experiments based on AntScan_flow and SaTScan_flow show that AntScan_flow yields better performance based on accuracy but requires a large computational demand. Finally, a case study of the morning commuting flows of Beijing residents was conducted. The AntScan_flow results show that the regions associated with moderate- and long-distance commuting OD flow clusters are highly consistent with subway lines and highways in the city. Additionally, the regions of short-distance commuting OD flow clusters are more likely to exhibit ‘residential-area to work-area’ patterns.  相似文献   

张家口蔚县农村房屋抗震性能调查及统计分析     

马旭东  牛露  刘晓丹  刘龙  茅远哲  关恒瑜  刘贾贾  刘志辉 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):829-837

为进一步了解蔚县地区农村房屋的抗震性能，在该地区选取43个村庄、7732栋房屋进行实地调查和统计分析。主要调查房屋结构、建筑材料、房屋抗震构造措施等内容，分析各结构类型房屋抗震薄弱环节及房屋抗震性能，并统计分析经济、交通、地形等因素与房屋结构类型及抗震性能的关系，提出提高该地区农村房屋抗震性能的建议。  相似文献   

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)     

Wang  Yanfeng  Chi  Liang  Liu  Qinghua  Xiao  Yongshuang  Ma  Daoyuan  Xiao  Zhizhong  Xu  Shihong  Li  Jun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):350-360

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because fish live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the influence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the effects of stocking density. The fish were reared for 220 days at five densities (A: 24 kg/m³; B: 21 kg/m³; C: 15 kg/m³; D: 9 kg/ m³ and E: 6 kg/m³ ). The results show that 30 kg/m³ might be the maximum density which RAS can afford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m³ have no effect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the specific growth rate (SGR), final weight and weight gain in the high density group were significantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate (FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T₃ and GH showed significant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone (T₃), GH (growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no effects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise efficient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.

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A probabilistic framework for improving reverse geocoding output     

Zhengcong Yin  Daniel W. Goldberg  Tracy A. Hammond  Chong Zhang  Andong Ma  Xiao Li 《Transactions in GIS》2020,24(3):656-680

Reverse geocoding, which transforms machine‐readable GPS coordinates into human‐readable location information, is widely used in a variety of location‐based services and analysis. The output quality of reverse geocoding is critical because it can greatly impact these services provided to end‐users. We argue that the output of reverse geocoding should be spatially close to and topologically correct with respect to the input coordinates, contain multiple suggestions ranked by a uniform standard, and incorporate GPS uncertainties. However, existing reverse geocoding systems often fail to fulfill these aims. To further improve the reverse geocoding process, we propose a probabilistic framework that includes: (1) a new workflow that can adapt all existing address models and unitizes distance and topology relations among retrieved reference data for candidate selections; (2) an advanced scoring mechanism that quantifies characteristics of the entire workflow and orders candidates according to their likelihood of being the best candidate; and (3) a novel algorithm that derives statistical surfaces for input GPS uncertainties and propagates such uncertainties into final output lists. The efficiency of the proposed approaches is demonstrated through comparisons to the four commercial reverse geocoding systems and through human judgments. We envision that more advanced reverse geocoding output ranking algorithms specific to different application scenarios can be built upon this work.  相似文献   

2019年6月17日长宁MS6.0地震前地震活动和水位的加卸载响应比异常研究     

马震  于晨  张小涛  余怀忠 《中国地震》2020,36(3):550-560

加卸载响应比（LURR）方法是通过固体潮加卸载过程中的某一物理参数的响应差异探查区域应力场演化。本文将这一方法应用于2019年6月17日四川长宁M_S6.0地震，根据LURR时序演化探查震源区介质的应力状态变化，提取可能的震前异常信息。首先采用贝尼奥夫应变作为响应量计算LURR，通过固体潮在地震断层面的最优滑动方向上引起的库仑破坏应力变化来判断加载还是卸载，结果显示LURR值自2018年年初开始快速增加并在2018年年中达到峰值，此后异常持续至地震。在此基础上对该地区的大地形变和地下井水位资料进行了LURR分析，发现水富水平摆倾斜仪的东西和南北分量在LURR出现异常的同期发生明显偏转，而地震周边的地下井水位高值变化过程与长宁地震也有较好的对应关系。研究表明在长宁地震发生前，存在地震活动和地下水位的LURR异常，且异常时间与水富倾斜同步，暗示震源区介质存在明显的应力积累过程。  相似文献   

1∶2 500 000华北侵入岩地质图空间数据库          下载免费PDF全文

杨泽黎  王树庆  胡晓佳 《中国地质》2020,47(S1):1-10

1∶2 500 000华北侵入岩地质图空间数据库是以华北地区近年完成的1∶250 000、1∶50 000基础地质调查资料以及专题研究为依托，结合国内外最新文献成果编制而成。地质图以研究区侵入岩为主要研究对象，通过编图建库的手段表达华北地区侵入岩时空格架、物质组成以及空间分带。图幅采用MapGIS 6.7软件制作，侵入岩按“岩性+年代”进行表示，包含侵入岩面元单位1743个，地层单位1534个，同位素年龄数据404个，并对侵入岩面元及同位素年龄赋予了相应属性，总体数据量约218 MB。地质图重点突出了华北地区岩浆岩分带，详细梳理了不同岩浆岩带的空间分布、岩浆期次、岩石组合、地球化学特征及构造背景等信息，充分反映了近年来地质调查和科研工作新成果，能够为后续地质调查、科学研究以及生产工作提供基础地质图件及信息资料服务，对服务资源和经济社会建设具有一定参考意义。  相似文献   

中国古代牧业社会骨制品的初步考察:以新疆巴里坤石人子沟遗址为例     

李悦  马健  张成睿  刘欢  宗天宇  陈婷  黄泽贤  任萌  习通源  王建新  温睿 《第四纪研究》2020,(2):331-342

考古遗址出土骨制品的研究对于揭示古代社会的动物资源获取和利用、手工业生产、社会组织结构等问题具有重要意义.国内骨制品研究目前多集中在农业区域,这些研究为探讨新石器时代至青铜时代的动物使用及其与社会发展、早期国家形成的关系等问题作出了重要贡献.然而,针对牧业社会骨制品的考察十分缺乏.新疆哈密地区巴里坤草原分布有大量古代牧业文化遗址,石人子沟遗址(43°31′12.8″~43°34′28.9″N,93°13′44.8″~93°16′49.1″E)是其中一处青铜时代晚期至铁器时代早期的大型聚落.本文从动物考古学视角研究该遗址2006年至2011年发掘出土的426件骨制品.结果显示,石人子沟遗址骨制品的原料主要为以羊(Ovis aries/Capra hircus)、马(Equus caballus)为主的家养动物和以鹿(Cervidae)为主的野生动物,其中羊的比例最高(69.7%),鹿(13.8%)、马(2.3%)次之,这与中原地区青铜时代农业文化遗址的骨制品多以牛为原料的情况明显不同.羊在骨制品原料中占绝对多数且大量使用羊距骨制品的现象是对石人子沟遗址以牧业为主的生业经济方式的直接反映.石人子沟遗址不同类型骨制品的制作各具特点,但整体表现出"省时省力"的特点,即对使用部位细致打磨,对非使用部位仅做简单处理.与中原地区商周时期大型制骨作坊规范化、规模化、产业化的骨器生产不同,石人子沟遗址未见专门的制骨场所,骨制品生产的操作链条也并不完整.遗址的骨制品生产可能是以家庭为单元进行的,产品的专业化、精细化程度也相对较低.该研究填补了我国古代牧业文化遗址出土骨制品动物考古学专门研究的空白,为进一步探究我国古代不同区域、不同生业经济基础下的制骨手工业面貌提供了重要资料.  相似文献   

Jacobian matrix for near-infrared remote sensing based on vector radiative transfer model     

Bai  Wenguang  Zhang  Peng  Zhang  Wenjian  Li  Jun  Ma  Gang  Qi  Chengli  Liu  Hui 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(9):1353-1365

Due to the polarization effects of the Earth's surface reflection and atmospheric particles' scattering, high-precision retrieval of atmospheric parameters from near-infrared satellite data requires accurate vector atmospheric radiative transfer simulations. This paper presents a near-infrared vector radiative transfer model based on the doubling and adding method. This new model utilizes approximate calculations of the atmospheric transmittance, reflection, and solar scattering radiance for a finitely thin atmospheric layer. To verify its accuracy, the results for four typical scenarios(single molecular layer with Rayleigh scattering, single aerosol layer scattering, multi-layer Rayleigh scattering, and true atmospheric with multi-layer molecular absorption, Rayleigh and aerosol scattering) were compared with benchmarks from a well-known model. The comparison revealed an excellent agreement between the results and the reference data, with accuracy within a few thousandths. Besides, to fulfill the retrieval algorithm, a numerical differentiation-based Jacobian calculation method is developed for the atmospheric and surface parameters. This is coupled with the adding and doubling process for the radiative transfer calculation. The Jacobian matrix produced by the new algorithm is evaluated by comparison with that from the perturbation method. The relative Jacobian matrix deviations between the two methods are within a few thousandths for carbon dioxide and less than 1.0×10~(-3)% for aerosol optical depth. The two methods are consistent for surface albedo, with a deviation below 2.03×10~(-4)%. All validation results suggest that the accuracy of the proposed radiative transfer model is suitable for inversion applications. This model exhibits the potential for simulating near-infrared measurements of greenhouse gas monitoring instruments.  相似文献